Manuscripts

- THE ORIGINAL ALICE (The British Library)
Written and illustrated by Lewis Carroll
http://www.bl.uk/collections/treasures/alice/alice_broadband.htm?top

- SKETCHES BY LEONARDO (The British Library)
See the genius's personal notebook
http://www.bl.uk/collections/treasures/leonardo/leonardo_broadband.htm?top

- MOZART'S MUSICAL DIARY (The British Library)
With 75 audio excerpts
http://www.bl.uk/collections/treasures/mozart/mozart_broadband.htm?top

- Isaac Newton (Jewish National and University Library)
http://jnul.huji.ac.il/dl/mss/newton/index.html

- Turing's manuscript: "A note on normal numbers" http://grafologiauniversitaria.blogspot.com/2007/07/alan-turing.html

- "Pages from the Past" (University of South Carolina.- Thomas Cooper Library)
http://www.sc.edu/library/spcoll/medievalmss/medievalmss.html

- The Albin Schram Collection of Autograph Letters (Christie's)
http://www.christies.com/features/jul07/7411/overview.asp

Researches about handwriting in US Universities

Written Language Program by Cheryl Wissick Ph.D. *
http://www.ed.sc.edu/caw/ldwrite/sld001.htm

* Associate Professor, Department of Educational Studies University of South Carolina

Forensic Psychology

Forensic Psychology resources on the Internet

- The identification of mental disorders in the criminal justice system
by James RP Ogloff,Michael R Davis, George Rivers and Stuart Ross.
AUSTRALIA N INSTITUTE OF CRIMINOLOGY
http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi2/tandi334.pdf

Forensic Linguistics

Forensic Linguistics resources on the Internet

- Kemp, A.C * (2007): “Unraveling the Mysteries: Tools for Decoding Slang” in Electronic Journal of the U.S. Department of State, Volume 12, Number 8, August 2007: http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itsv/0807/ijse/ijse0807.htm

* Director of the Slang City Web site and Instructor of English Language Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts

- Overcoming Language Barriers: Solutions for Law Enforcement
by Susan Shah, Insha Rahman, Anita Khashu
http://www.vera.org/publication_pdf/382_735.pdf

"With immigration in the U.S. growing and increasingly dispersed, many law enforcement practitioners are looking for ways to improve contact with people who cannot speak or understand English well. This report is the work of Translating Justice, a technical assistance project involving Vera’s Center on Immigration and Justice and three diverse law enforcement agencies—the Anaheim Police Department in California, the Clark County Sheriff’s Office in Ohio, and the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department in Nevada. Drawing upon the experiences of these three departments, this report offers a range of practical steps and strategies that agencies can adopt, according to their specific needs and available resources."

Criminology resources on the Internet

- Mental Health Screens for Corrections

U.S. Department of Justice - Office of Justice Programs - National Institute of Justice

http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/216152.pdf

- THE INTERNET JOURNAL OF CRIMINOLOGY

http://www.internetjournalofcriminology.com:80/

-Ex-offenders, Social Ties and the Routes Into Employment By Dr James Rhodes, Research Associate, School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
-Ethnic Minority Representation on Juries – A Missed Opportunity By Fernne Brennan, Senior Lecturer in Law, University of Essex, UK
-The Geography of Bus Shelter Damage: The Influence of Crime, Neighbourhood Characteristics and Land-Use By Andrew Newton, University of Huddersfield & Kate Bowers, University College London, UK
-A Spatial Analysis of Neighbourhood Crime in Omaha, Nebraska Using Alternative Measures of Crime Rates By Haifeng Zhang, University of Louisville & Michael P. Peterson, University of Nebraska, USA
-Any Number You Want? The Impact of Data Cleaning on Internal Validity By Aidan Wilcox, University of Huddersfeld, UK.
-Culture of Crime Control: Through a Post-Foucauldian Lens By Tim Owen, University of Central Lancashire, UK.
-Alley-Gating Revisited: The Sustainability of Resident’s Satisfaction? By Rachel Armitage & Hannah Smithson, University of Huddersfield, UK.
-Risk, Respectability and Responsibilisation: Unintended driver responses to speed limit enforcement by Helen Wells, Centre for Criminological Research, Institute of Law, Politics and Justice, Keele University, UK.
-Old Age and Victims: A Critical Exegesis and an Agenda for Change by Jason Powell, School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Liverpool, and Azrini Wahidin, Centre for Criminal Justice at University of Central England, UK.
-Dynamic Strategies to Legitimise Deviant Behaviour of Street Culture Youth By Dr Steffen Zdun, academic member of staff, University of Bielefeld, Germany.
-Postmodern Policies? The Erratic Interventions of Constitutive Criminology By Mark Cowling, Reader in Criminology, School of Social Sciences and Law, University of Teesside, UK.
-SELF-HELP AS AN EXPLANATION FOR VIOLENCE AMONG FEMALE INMATES: A Preliminary Assesment. By M. Dyan McGuire, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Saint Louis University, USA.
-SURVEILLANCE THROUGH CARE AND CONTROL: The Case of the Mentally Ill in Madison and Britain. By Mike Stephens, Senior Lecturer in Criminology and Social Policy at Loughborough University.
-Behaviour on London Buses and Tubes: Three Cases of Incivility By Simon Mackenzie, Lecturer in Criminology, School of Criminology, Education, Sociology and Social Work, Keele University
-A Deadly Faith in Fakes: Trademark Theft and the Global Trade in Counterfeit Automotive Components By Dr Majid Yar, School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research (SPSSR), University of Kent at Canterbury

-Self-perceptions, Masculinity and Female Offenders by Victoria Herrington, Kings College, London and Claire Nee, University of Portsmouth

-Criminal Arrest Patterns of Client Entering and Exiting Community Substance Abuse Treatment in Lucas County, Ohio, USA by Lois Ventura and Eric Lambert, University of Toledo, USA
-Bulldog Whistling: Criminalization of Young Lebanese-Australian Rugby League Fans by Scott Poynting, School of Humanities, University of Sydney, Australia.
-Blurring Fame & Infamy: A Content Analysis of Cover-Story Trends in People Magazine by Jack Levin, James Alan Fox and James Mazaik, Northeastern University, USA
-Restorative Justice and Three Individual Theories of Crime by Greg Mantle (Anglia Polytechnic University, UK), Darrell Fox (Youth Offending Team Practitioner) and Mandeep K. Dhami (Assistant Professor of Legal Psychology, University of Victoria, Canada.).

-Of Targets and Supertargets: A Routine Activity Theory of High Crime Rates by Ken Pease & Graham Farrell (Loughborough University), Ken Clark (University of Manchester) and Dan Ellingworth (Manchester Metropolitan University).

-'Race', Ethnicity and the Courts by Tahir Abbas, University of Birmingham
-Rebels with a Cause, Folk Devils without a Panic: Press jingoism, policing tactics and anti-capitalist protest in London and Prague by Fiona Donson (Cardiff University), Graeme Chesters (Edge Hill College), Ian Welsh (Cardiff University) and Andrew Tickle (CPRE)
-Where Do We Go From Here? Researching Hate Crime by Barbara Perry, Northern Arizona University.

- Women in the Criminal Justice System
May, 2007 (The Sentencing Project)

“The series documents the gender implications of changes that have occurred over the last 20 years within the criminal justice system, including expansive law enforcement, stiffer drug sentencing laws and re-entry barriers. The briefing sheets delve into family, socioeconomic and physical and mental health issues that women – and their families – face as a result of being incarcerated. Women in the Criminal Justice System contains five sections: Overview; Involvement in Crime; Mothers in Prison; Inadequacies in Prison Services; and Barriers to Reentering the Community. ”
http://www.sentencingproject.org/Admin/Documents/publications/womenincj_total.pdf

- Models for change.- National Center for Juvenile Justice
http://www.modelsforchange.net/
The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.855229/

- Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2007
Bureau of Justice Statistics and the National Center for Education Statistics
http://nces.ed.gov/programs/crimeindicators/crimeindicators2007/

- Police Lineups: aking Eyewitness Identification More Reliable
by Beth Schuster
"Through-the-Wall Surveillance Examining Prisoners ’ Reentry Needs Training for Sexual Assault Responders Detecting Concealed Weapons Practitioners Performing Frontline Research Forensic Databases"
http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/219603a.pdf

- How to Collect and Analyze Data: A Manual for Sheriffs and Jail Administrators:
http://nicic.org/Downloads/PDF/Library/021826.pdf

“Anyone who needs to gather and analyze data concerning various jail-related issues will find this manual useful. This document provides guidance on how information can fuel policy decision making. Chapters comprising this guide are: introduction; good management requires good information; information that should be collected; preparing for the data collection; how to locate and capture information; how to put it all together; how to analyze information; how to interpret information; sharing information with others; and getting the most from your information system. Appendixes include: a glossary of statistical terms for non-statisticians; annotated bibliography; manual data collection procedures and sample forms; inmate profile data collection; incident data code book sample; transport data collection; tables for determining sample size; simple random sampling; calculating the standard deviation; calculating Chi Square; and manual data display.”

- National Training Standards for Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Examiners
U.S.Department of Justice .- Office on Violence Against Women
http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ovw/213827.pdf

- US Crime Clock:
http://www.poodwaddle.com/clocks4.htm

- Witness Intimidation
U.S. Department of Justice .- Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
by Kelly Dedel

- Future directions in technology enabled crime: 007–09
by Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo, Russell G Smith and Rob McCusker
Australian Institute of Criminology 2007

Graduation Ceremonies for Judicial Analyst from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Barcelona, October 19, 2007

The last weeks of October saw the meetings of: the 11th CLASS OF FORENSIC HANDWRITING ANALYSIS, the 7th CLASS OF GRADUATES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HANDWRITING, the 1st CLASS OF JUDICIAL ANALYSIS OF PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS, with some of the recent graduates that a few days previously had received their MASTERS IN GRAPHISTICS, GRAPHOPATHOLOGY AND FORENSIC GRAPHOLOGY FROM THE UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA OF BARCELONA in the preliminary exam session, having validated previous studies. They were also joined those graduates that are currently in the process of obtain their qualification having passed the second year in the postgraduate course, half of which will obtain their MASTERS IN DOCUMENT EXAMINATION AND JUDICIAL ANALYSIS OF PATENTS AND TRADE MARKS

On October 19th the graduation ceremony took place, first in the Assembly Room in UAB’s historic building the “Casa de Convalescència” where the Director, Professor Francisco Viñals, opened the celebration with a welcoming speech and introducing the dignitaries at the President’s table.

As a first master class, Professor Jesús R. Toledano, on behalf of the professors of Forensic Handwriting Analysis and also of the Scientific Division of the Policia Nacional, gave a speech on aspects relating to Criminology, both from the biological perspective, where the study of the temperaments is very important, and from the psychoanalytical and sociological viewpoint. Prof. Santiago Estaún, senior lecturer in Psychology at UAB where he has held positions of great responsibility such as the vice-chancellorship, followed with a speech about the issue of “copying” and “plagiarism”, distinguishing psychological limits from merely legal limits. He also revealed some entertaining samples of fraud experiments in psychophysical perception, something of great interest for new judicial analysts specialising in Patents and Trademarks.


Professor Ferran Salvador, as a tutor specialising in Patents and Trademarks and head of the CME Criminological Central Area, made a small intervention in praise of UAB’s Directors and organisers for being in the twelfth year of their programme, courses that have continued to surpass themselves with their growth and development and by the inclusion of new projects that are being integrated into the science of Graphism, such as taking charge of the teaching team at the Scientific Division of the Catalan Autonomous Police force – the Mossos d'Esquadra.

The Directors of Studies, Francisco Viñals and Mariluz Puente, wanted to emphasise their personal gratitude, and that of the teaching staff, to the recently graduated students, recalling the praiseworthy virtues they embodied, and making special mention of those who travelled long distances and especially those who had made the great sacrifice to leave their homes to come and study at UAB, amongst them distinguished jurists and psychologists from the EU, especially the group from Greece and those from the other side of the Atlantic, from Chile, Mexico and Bolivia. The awarding of degrees followed.

Afterwards, the celebration continued with a drinks reception in the dining room of Casa de Convalescència where the new graduates and Masters could celebrate their own graduation and raise a toast on behalf of their colleagues who for one reason or another were unable to attend.

Downloadable PDF version: http://www.grafologiauniversitaria.com/graduation_07.pdf

Temperaments, more topical than ever

CONFERENCE:
TEMPERAMENTS, MORE TOPICAL THAN EVER

By Francisco VIÑALS CARRERA
Director of Studies in Psychological Analysis of Handwriting, Graphopsychology and Graphopathology, UAB
Director of the Master's Programme in Graphistics, Graphopathology and Forensic Handwriting Analysis, UAB

Barcelona, September 28, 2007.-

Temperaments are used more than ever in psychiatry, criminology, child psychology and human resources, especially those derived from the four Hippocratic humours that have been properly updated for our times (see the article “Khôra, Spatial Symbolism in Plato –a revalidation of temperaments and character typologies in handwriting”). To give one very up-to-the-minute example: the French CNRS (Centre Nacional de la Recherche Scientifique) has a permanent group of researchers dedicated to psychology of the temperaments.

Augusto Vels himself applied Periot’s adaptations (previously adapted by Sigaud), which were further improved by Computerised Handwriting Analysis, arriving at his final version in the year 2000, the year he unfortunately passed away. Since then, current behavioural thinkers have continued to be in agreement on the undoubted importance of the temperaments and their influence on the personality.

The temperaments, especially those based on the four elements, (also related to blood types; Vector L: O, S: A, B: B and N: AB), constitute clear, genetically influenced and biologically based predispositions, for which reason, despite their interaction with the character, they remain more stable and difficult to modify than the peculiarities of the latter. Logically, they tell us only of psychophysical potential (emotionality, reactivity, extro-/introversion, roots of the channelling of psychosomatic energy) but they are very important for the study and configuration of the global personality. It is precisely due to the temperament that we can explain important facets of psychobiological influence on the personality, manifested in handwriting in the speed, impetuosity or force of the gestural expression, often with a clear differentiation with respect to character.

Recently Cloninger and Sven confirmed this importance with the success of their research into the use of their questionnaires. The Temperament and Character Inventory TCI-R (TCI-140) is also related with Psychopathological Personality Scales (MMPI-2 PSY-5). The short, Spanish version of the TCI-R is now also a useful inventory for the evaluation of the principal dimensions of temperament and character.

The essential correlation is established in the following way: New Elements Search (NS from the N Vector) was associated with low Constriction, HA (from the L Vector) with low Positive Emotionality and Aggressiveness and with high Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism and Reward Dependence (RD from the S Vector) with high Positive Emotionality. Persistence (PS from the B Vector) was related to high Aggressiveness and Positive Emotionality.

Despite having created characterological Transactional Handwriting Analysis’ of the nine exteriorisations of the ego, that are endorsed in many points by the Enneagram (in the correlation of the psychological characteristics of the nine types, not in the pantheism suggested by the said philosophical doctrine) and that TA is a psychoanalytic system of individual and social psychiatry that includes the gestural and integrates humanism and behaviourism in a suitable way, signifying a substantial advance in current Handwriting Analysis, it is necessary to make it very clear that at no point do we abandon the temperaments. In fact, there would be no TA without the temperaments. In the structural analysis of the three systems, the temperaments are located in the “Child system” and are the biological motor which we bring with us at birth as our inheritance and genetic configuration. They are used together with emotional recordings form the whole framework of the said archaeopsyche or “Child system”, where each temperament influences the reception of the information recorded in the “Parent system” in order to respond in one way or another, which follow the potential of the neopsyche or "Adult system" and in accordance with the system that holds the executive power in the cathexis, will facilitate one or another of the Ego’s externalisations in the form of the nine states we typically express or as characteristics derived from the TA.

TA aside, in our work: Psychodiagnostic Assessment via Handwriting, which is a teaching manual where we try to understand the concepts above all else, putting forward a teaching comparison between the temperaments and motor vehicles: Phlegmatic or Sigaud’s digestive temperament is a van (slow and deliberate but adapted for weight and perseverance), the Sanguine or Sigaud’s respiratory as a sport’s car or competitive prototype (shiny and expansive), the Choleric or Sigaud’s muscular as a standard effective and efficient model (consistent and self-regulating) and the Melancholic or Sigaud’s cerebral temperament as a motorcycle (variation, acceleration, independence). In Kretschmer’s and Sheldon's personality types, the predominant “actives” of the sanguine and bile temperament are grouped together in the “mesomorph”, leaving the remainder (L: pyknic-endomorph, N: Leptosomatic-ectomorph). The previous study of temperament supposes at the same time a preparation of the ground for understanding character study next. Character will indicate the form of behaviour, and finally, the personality will identify the specific individual by his uniqueness, originality and difference from others.

Beyond strictly educational examples, it is also necessary to mention the current practical utility of the temperaments because of their essential contribution in relation to the difference between individuals with respect to their reactivity (a crucial element brought by the temperaments), a peculiarity that is linked to the strength or capacity for exciting the nervous system and that remains quantitatively and qualitatively reflected in responses or reactions to stimulation.

We have been able to prove that temperament has a determining influence on personal and social development, and that current research confirms earlier observations, categorically demonstrating that temperament in the business and social context is the order of the day in any scientific protocol, in the application of the most advanced techniques in Human Resources.

Similarly, aside from medical and psychological interest, the study of temperament is becoming a predictor of behavioural problems, especially externalised symptoms, which have proved to be very effective in criminology and of great interest for profiling. In fact, determining a difficult temperament (low rhythmicity, difficult behavioural regulation and negative affectivity) from 3 years of age is a early tell-tale sign of risk behaviour in the pre-adolescent, adolescent and adult stage, such as drug addiction, aggressiveness and criminal activity, since temperamentally they are predisposed to greater physiological and psychic irritability and a negative affectivity that is boosted according to specific, environmental variables (presence of stress and inappropriate parental restrictions on behaviour). Other studies that relate bio-typological constitution (body group) to delinquency have been carried out based on the Kretschmer, Heymans-Wiersma-Le Senne, and Sheldon personality types, heavily applied in criminological research.

Of special significance are the studies that relate temperament and linguistics, confirming that the process of language acquisition, including vocabulary, grammatical structure, etc…, (in other words linguistic style), is found to be mediated through the characteristics of temperament in its inter-relation with social environment. More specifically, on handwriting, the latest research has confirmed a significant relationship between emotional reactivity and handwriting performance.

Thus, it is a great pleasure to be able to state that the new theories include and reaffirm the temperaments, especially those derived from Plato’s elements and the Hippocratic humours; they take them into account and constantly revalidate them. Proof of this (apart from the distinguished work being done by American doctors and psychologists) is that in Spain alone, we can say that of the 34 doctoral theses in Psychiatry and Psychology concerning the temperaments that have been written in recent decades (not including those concerning the temperaments in art and literature which also amount to a good number). There has been a progressive increase, reaching 44.11% between the years 2000-2006, and 6 of which have been presented in Barcelona.

Within our Graphology study programmes at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, the Institut de Ciències del Grafisme (Institute of Graphological Studies) and the AGC of Spain, we are very happy to include the temperaments in our training and further training of handwriting analysts. Experience has taught us that graduates in the Psychological Analysis of Handwriting from UAB are completely prepared and their training is the most suitable, since in a world where we cannot stop, it is dangerous to limit oneself to a single method or school. The great advantage of Vels’ Graphoanalysis and Transactional Graphoanalysis is that they are integrated into the other schools. In university, the future grapho-analyst will be trained first in the basic concepts and French contributions, then the Italian and German schools, but as happens with the tests, which always have to be adapted to the place where they are being set, in our case we will always bear in mind the Spanish school and carry out the appropriate adaptations of other schools to our own idiosyncrasies and in a fully practical way. This is the secret of our success and that is why companies and organisations have confidence in our graduates.


Bibliography

Viñals, F., Puente, Mª L. (2007): “Khôra, el simbolismo espacial de Platón –revalidación de los Temperamentos y tipologías caracterológicas en la escritura manuscrita” (actualización)

http://grafologiauniversitaria.com/Khora.htm

Viñals, F., Puente, Mª L. (1999): Psicodiagnóstico por la escritura, Grafoanálisis transaccional, Herder, Barcelona. 1ª Reimpresión 2006.

Viñals, F., Puente, Mª L. (2003): Análisis de escritos y documentos en los servicios secretos, Herder, Barcelona.